• FGF ERK signaling has been implicated in epithelial mesenchy

  2020-09-15

  

  FGF/ERK signaling has been implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in a wide range of tissues (Huh et al., 2015, Klein et al., 2006, Rice et al., 2004, Zhang et al., 2006, El Ramy et al., 2005, Volckaert and Langhe, 2015). During embryonic organogenesis and in adult organs, we often observ

• muscarinic receptor antagonists The requirement for two dist

  2020-09-15

  

  The requirement for two distinct signalling pathways for cAMP-induced growth arrest likely represents an important mechanism allowing VSMC to finely modulate their cellular responses to cAMP-elevating stimuli. Our data demonstrates for the first time that activation of both pathways in VSMC results

• Several studies have shown that independently of body weight

  2020-09-15

  

  Several studies have shown that, independently of body-weight control, the central actions of leptin improve glycemic control in obese diabetic rat and mouse models [62]. For instance, restoration of OB-Rb expression in OB-Rb-deficient mice, and in particular in POMC neurons, was sufficient to norma

• Heme Colorimetric Assay Kit mg Protein ubiquitination occur

  2020-09-15

  

  Protein ubiquitination occurs at the lysine residues, and is mediated by the sequential reactions of ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), conjugating enzyme (E2), and ligase (E3). The first step in this process comprises the ATP-dependent activation of ubiquitin by E1 to form a ubiquitin–E1 conjugate.

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Hypertensive retinopathy

  2020-09-15

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Hypertensive retinopathy is a disease of the retinal microvasculature associated with elevated blood pressure (Fraser-Bell et al., 2017). Narrowing of retinal arterioles occurs in the early stage of the disease, and with persistent hypertension further vascular pat

• Metal ions are known not to be necessary for catalytic

  2020-09-15

  

  Metal ions are known not to be necessary for catalytic activity of serine proteinases. Nevertheless, Co2+ and Ca2+ ions were found to stabilize glutamyl endopeptidase molecule [1], [7], [19]. In our previous study, we have described significant stimulating effect of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Co2+ on biosynthe

• LY 294002 receptor br Transparency document br Acknowledgeme

  2020-09-15

  

  Transparency document Acknowledgements We thank Prof. Barbara Brodsky for valuable comments and discussion. We thank the support of the Tufts start-up fund and the Knez Family Faculty Investment Fund for Y.-S. L, and the Tufts Summer Scholar program for E.C. Introduction Discoidin domain r

• During the host response to inflammation inflammatory mediat

  2020-09-15

  

  During the host response to inflammation, inflammatory mediators, including release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, have been associated with altered content, expression, and activity of CYP450 enzymes, consequently leading to alterations in the metabolism and elimination of certain drugs. The losses

• br Introduction The Epstein Barr virus induced

  2020-09-14

  

  Introduction The Epstein–Barr virus induced gene 2 (EBI2 also known as GPR183) is a G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptor that is predominantly expressed in B and T cells [1,2]. It regulates the trafficking of 5-moUTP within lymphoid tissues and is highly important for the generat

• Except for S adenosylmethionine SAM Fig

  2020-09-14

  

  Except for S-adenosylmethionine (SAM, Fig. 1), sources of endogenous DNA alkylation are not well defined. Other possible sources include nitroso compounds related to the well known mutagen methylnitrosourea which are generated in vitro by nitrosation of cellular amines including amino acids, protein

• With the recent expanse of technology to evaluate synthetic

  2020-09-14

  

  With the recent expanse of technology to evaluate synthetic lethality, new combinations with DHODH inhibitors may be uncovered (O\'Neil, Bailey, & Hieter, 2017). Many oncogenic backgrounds share synthetic lethality with DHODH. Cells with mutant PTEN have increased glutamine metabolism and are sensit

• 9-amino Camptothecin In this study using REMD

  2020-09-14

  

  In this study, using REMD with the crystal environment, we investigate the effect of cryo-cooling on the crystal structure of Escherichia coli DHFR. DHFR is an important model enzyme (for review, see, e.g., (30)), and has been studied for decades (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43).

• KSTDs are generally reported to be intracellular enzymes eit

  2020-09-14

  

  — Δ1-KSTDs are generally reported to be intracellular enzymes, either soluble or bound to subcellular particles. For instance, the enzymes from C. testosteroni ATCC 11996 and ATCC 17410 [50,90,99], R. equi [29], and N. simplex ATCC 6946 [52] were particulate-bound. On the other hand, the Δ1-KSTDs f

• We show that direct contact with MSCs is necessary

  2020-09-14

  

  We show that direct contact with MSCs is necessary and sufficient to induce DDR2 upregulation in breast cancer cells. DDR2 expression in MSC is required for collagen deposition and leads to increased DDR2 expression and activation in breast cancer cells. This paracrine-autocrine MSC-cancer cell axis

• Recent studies have shown arsenic could cause autophagic cel

  2020-09-14

  

  Recent studies have shown arsenic could cause autophagic cell death in malignant cells, including leukemia and malignant glioma colony stimulating factor 1 receptor [16], [17]. However, at present, little is known about the consequences of arsenic-treated urothelial cells in autophagy and expressio

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